Jaguar

The Jaguar

Information
The  jaguar  ( /ˈdʒæɡwɑr/  or  UK /ˈdʒæɡjuː[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key . ]ər/ ;  Panthera onca ) is a  big cat, a  feline  in the  Panthera   genus , and is the only  Panthera  species found in the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the  tiger  and the  lion , and the largest in the  Western Hemisphere . The jaguar's present range extends from  Southwestern United States  and  Mexico  across much of  Central America  and south to  Paraguay  and northern  Argentina. Apart from a known and possibly breeding population in  Arizona  (southeast of  Tucson ), the cat has largely been  extirpated  from the United States since the early 20th century.

This spotted cat most closely resembles the leopard physically, although it is usually larger and of sturdier build and its behavioral and habitatcharacteristics are closer to those of the tiger. While dense rainforest is its preferred habitat, the jaguar will range across a variety of forested and open terrains. It is strongly associated with the presence of water and is notable, along with the tiger, as a feline that enjoys swimming. The jaguar is largely asolitary, opportunistic, stalk-and-ambush predator at the top of the food chain (an apex predator). It is a keystone species, playing an important role in stabilizing ecosystems and regulating the populations of the animals it hunts. The jaguar has an exceptionally powerful bite, even relative to the other big cats.[3]  This allows it to pierce the shells of armoured reptiles[4]  and to employ an unusual killing method: it bites directly through the skull of prey between the ears to deliver a fatal bite to the brain.[5]

The jaguar is a  near threatened  species and its numbers are declining. Threats include loss and  fragmentation of habitat. While international trade in jaguars or their parts is prohibited, the cat is still frequently killed by humans, particularly in conflicts with ranchers and farmers in South America. Although reduced, its range remains large; given its historical distribution, the jaguar has featured prominently in the mythology of numerous  indigenous American cultures, including that of the  Maya  and  Aztec. the first section of your page here.

source.wikipedia.org

Height and Weight
The jaguar is a compact and well-muscled animal. Size and weight vary considerably: weights are normally in the range of 56–96 kg (124–211  lb ). Larger males have been recorded to weigh as much as 160 kg (350 lb) [26]  (roughly matching a tigress or lioness), and the smallest females have low weights of 36 kg (79 lb). Females are typically 10–20% smaller than males. The length, from the nose to the base of the tail, of the cats varies from 1.2 to 1.95 m (3.9 to 6.4 ft). Their tails are the shortest of any big cat, at 45 to 75 cm (18 to 30 in) in length. [27] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-r10_28-0" style="font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[28]  Their legs are also short, considerably shorter when compared to a small tiger or lion in a similar weight range, but are thick and powerful. The jaguar stands 63 to 76 cm (25 to 30 in) tall at the shoulders. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WCS_29-0" style="font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[29]  Compared to the similarly colored  Old World   leopard, this cat is bigger, heavier and relatively stocky in build. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Seymour_20-2" style="font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[20]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif;">Further variations in size have been observed across regions and habitats, with size tending to increase from the north to south. A study of the jaguar in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the Mexican Pacific coast, showed ranges of just about 50 kg (110 lb), about the size of the cougar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foodhabits_30-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[30] By contrast, a study of the jaguar in the Brazilian Pantanal region found average weights of 100 kg (220 lb), and weights of 136 kilograms (300 lb) or more are not uncommon in old males.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JSSP_31-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[31]  Forest jaguars are frequently darker and considerably smaller than those found in open areas (the Pantanal is an open wetland basin), possibly due to the smaller numbers of large, herbivorous prey in forest areas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CAP_32-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[32]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif;">A short and stocky limb structure makes the jaguar adept at climbing, crawling, and swimming.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WCS_29-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[29]  The head is robust and the jaw extremely powerful. The jaguar has the strongest bite of all felids, capable of biting down with 2,000 lbf (910 kgf). This is twice the strength of a lion and the second strongest of all mammals after the spotted hyena; this strength adaptation allows the jaguar to pierce turtle shells.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HAMDIG_4-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]  A comparative study of bite force adjusted for body size ranked it as the top felid, alongside the clouded leopard and ahead of the lion and tiger.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-r11_33-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[33]  It has been reported that "an individual jaguar can drag a 360 kg (800 lb) bull 8 m (25 ft) in its jaws and pulverize the heaviest bones".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-r12_34-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[34]  The jaguar hunts wild animals weighing up to 300 kg (660 lb) in dense jungle, and its short and sturdy physique is thus an adaptation to its prey and environment. The base coat of the jaguar is generally a tawny yellow, but can range to reddish-brown and black, for most of the body. However, the ventral areas are white.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WCS_29-2" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[29]  The cat is covered in rosettes forcamouflage in the dappled light of its forest habitat. The spots vary over individual coats and between individual jaguars: rosettes may include one or several dots, and the shapes of the dots vary. The spots on the head and neck are generally solid, as are those on the tail, where they may merge to form a band.

While the jaguar closely resembles the leopard, it is sturdier and heavier, and the two animals can be distinguished by their rosettes: the rosettes on a jaguar's coat are larger, fewer in number, usually darker, and have thicker lines and small spots in the middle that the leopard lacks. Jaguars also have rounder heads and shorter, stockier limbs compared to leopards. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-akron_35-0" style="font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[source:wikipedia.org